x.3.2.4.5 Consequences
Sexuality is an important part of everyone’s life. It has various functions, some of which are more important to some people than to others. We can list the following functions of sexuality, and the relevant direct and indirect consequences of sexual dysfunction:
- Reproduction: sexuality and reproduction are, of course, closely interrelated. However, advances in medical science mean that they are no longer mutually dependent. Modern contraceptives grant both men and women sexual freedom and enable them to make the – sometimes difficult – decision regarding the appropriate moment to procreate. Approximately 10% of couples wishing to have children find themselves unable to do so and seek medical help. Some couples defer the decision to have children for so long that they arrive in a phase of reduced fertility. An ever greater number of fertility treatments are now available. Fertility testing and treatment can disrupt normal sexuality. Some sexual problems, such as ejaculation disorders and vaginismus, can of course lead to involuntary childlessness.
- Intimacy: sex brings people into contact with each other. It is a driving force in the formation and maintenance of personal relationships. Intimacy develops when both partners are willing to be vulnerable and give themselves freely to the other. On the other hand, sex can also be a source of interpersonal problems, as in rejection, misuse of power or influence, and deliberate humiliation. Couples with sexual problems are more prone to communication problems. At first, they will be less willing to discuss their sexual desires and expectations. Later, they may cease to discuss any other topic. Sexual dysfunction in those who have no partner can cause feelings of insecurity and embarrassment which can hamper or prevent them from entering into relationships.
- Sexual satisfaction: sex can be a source of great pleasure. Alongside reproduction and intimacy, the orgasm – whether enjoyed alone or with a partner – is a release of sexual tension. The ability to enjoy sexual pleasure freely strengthens a person’s self esteem, the sense of masculinity or femininity, and helps to create a positive self-image. Conversely, sexual dysfunction will often lead to insecurity, self-doubt, fear of failure and feelings of not being a ‘real’ man or woman. Such feelings of inadequacy can extend far beyond the bedroom and affect the person’s functioning in all types of situation.